Day 1 :
- Crop Science Management and Harvesting
Session Introduction
Juan David Hincapié González
Student of Agricultural Engineering. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences.
Title: Studies of phenotypic variability, and genetic compatibility in the National Yellow Passion Fruit Collection (Passiflora edulis F. flavicarpa Degener), as a strategy for a breeding program in Colombia..
Biography:
Juan David Hincapié González currently a Student of Agricultural Engineering. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences.
Abstract:
The development and selection of high yield and fruit quality genotypes in passion fruit is an essential strategy for competitive progress in international markets, which are constantly increasing their demands. In order to identify elite genotypes in the National Passion Fruit Collection, fourteen accessions were characterized using 30 morphological descriptors, 14 physicochemical and agronomic evaluations. Accessions 1506, 1320 and 1786 showed greater total yield, and Valfla09, 1786 and 1655 also showed a greater number of total fruits in the experiment.The accessions that presented greater weight of the fruit were Antfla04 (214g), Valfla05 (211g) and Valfla11 (210g). Analysis of variance and comparison of means showed significant differences between morphological characters, where the highest coefficient of variation was obtained by petiole length with 25%, ovule length and stigma diameter both with 20%, compared to the central lobe length with 7.8%, length Petal with 9.2% and length separate with 9%. It is possible to demonstrate in this experiment the relationship between the size of the nectariferous chamber and the volume of nectar production between accessions. The analysis allowed to identify accessions for use in genetic improvement programs that have higher performance and Brix degrees that allow to meet the needs of the market, for example, accessions 1509, 1320 and Valfla09
Goshu Tolera Abera
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Natural Resources Management Research Process, P.O. Box 382, Ambo, West Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Title: NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR MAIZE PRODUCTION ON-FARMERS FIELD IN SOUTHWESTERN AND WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Biography:
Goshu Tolera Abera ha his expertise in preparing and implementing competitive regional, national and international agricultural research projects of cropping systems and soil fertility management in accordance with the agricultural research police and strategies and accomplish administrative and technical duties in soil and water management research processes. He has rich experience working in collaborative national, regional and international research and development activities. He has prepared research priority setting following agricultural technology policy for soil and water management research processes. He has participated and prepared competitive research proposal for national, regional and international organization and reviewing research proposal, implementing and collection of data, data analysis and report writing in soil and water management research processes. He has excellent computer skills and experience in data analysis skill using statistical software such as SAS, GenStat, SPSS with very good statistics background for data interpretation of completed research results for regional and international publications. He prepared recommendation manual and policy briefs for different crops and soil management in agricultural research policy.
Abstract:
Maize is the most commonly and widely produced crop in southwestern and western Ethiopia but its productivity is negatively affected by low rate and time of nitrogen application but there is still inadequate research on this phenomenon in maize production. This in view different attempts have been made to solve the soil fertility problems for maize production using sensor-based, recommendation methods and rate of nitrogen management in southwestern and western Ethiopia. The objectives of this review were to summarize past nitrogen management efforts and recommend future research direction in nitrogen management for improved maize production. Mean grain yield of maize was significantly varied among farms and application of nitrogen fertilizer indicating wide range of management practices and production history at each maize farm which consequently affects response of on-farm nitrogen application. Significantly higher positive correlation coefficients of (r=0.67) and (r=70) were obtained between yield and Normalized Difference Vegetative Index reading at V8 stage of maize growth. Application of 50-100 kg N ha-1 was more responsive to a vegetative growth and grain yield of quality protein maize. The N fertilizer application significantly increased grain yield of the all maize varieties. Application of half of the recommended N fertilizer provided 32 % fertilizer N use efficiency as compared to the full-recommended N fertilizer application. Higher dry biomass, grain yield, NDVI reading and harvest index of maize were obtained with the application of fertilizer rate using all the three different recommendation methods as compared to control. This result suggests further research works to make conclusive recommendation in determining in-season nitrogen fertilizer need for side dressing and continuous nitrogen management are a desirable option for improved maize production.
Amna Shoaib
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University Crop Pathology
Title: Biocontrol potential of Ochrobactrum ciceri against Macrophomina phaseolina and its fungistatic metabolites
Biography:
Amna Shoaib is Crop Pathology Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abstract:
Role of rhizobacteria and zinc (Zn) was investigated in management of charcoal rot disease in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] caused by fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Methods and Results: In vitro, screening tests with eight rhizobacteria revealed that Ochrobactrum ciceri (FCBP-0727) exhibited strong antifungal potential against M. phaseolina. Antifungal trials with cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) and cell culture (CC) of O. ciceri caused significant inhibition in mycelial growth and sclerotia formation, although the CFCF appeared to be more destructive against pathogen. Ethyl-acetate and chloroform extracts of CFCF completely halted growth of M. phaseolina and GC-MS analysis showed presence of important fungicidal compounds in them. Pot experiment exhibited that soil inoculation with O. ciceri in combination with Zn (2.5 ppm) protected mung bean plants against M. phaseolina through improving photosynthetic pigment, total protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Conclusions: O. ciceri in combination with Zn (2.5 ppm) could be effectively used to manage charcoal rot disease by boosting physiological attributes in mung bean. Significance and Impact of Study: The present study will open new vistas for biological management of charcoal rot disease of mung bean using combination of rhizobacteria and Zn.
Birendra Kumar Bhattachan
Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agronomy
Title: Crop production
Biography:
Dr. Birendra Kumar Bhattachan Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agronomy, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal
Abstract:
Application of farm yard manure (FYM) in producing rice crops is common in Nepalese agriculture practices. Therefore, the experiment was conducted at the central research station of Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur, Chitwan Nepal during rainy season (July to December) of 2012 and 2013 to study the performance of rice varieties on yield and economic profit under organic and inorganic fertilizer condition of rainfed upland sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in split plot design, main plot as fertilizer treatments (a. 120:60:40 kg NPK ha-1 b. FYM @ 24 t ha-1 c. combination of 60:30:20 kg NPK + 12 t FYM ha-1 d. control (no fertilizer use) and sub plot as rice varieties (a. Anadi, the religious and scented traditional variety, b. Ramdhan, the soft in eating c. Sabitri the coarse variety) with four replications. The result showed that inorganic fertilizer @ 120:60:40 kg NPK ha-1 produced significantly highest grain yield of 2.576 t ha-1 followed by grain yield ((2.434 t ha-1) produced by combination of 12 t FYM + 60:30:30 kg NPK ha-1 and grain yield (2.004 t ha-1) produced by FYM @ 24 t ha-1 and the least grain yield (1.063 t ha-1) was produced by control (no fertilizer use) in both year. However, grain yield produced by inorganic fertilizer and combination of FYM + inorganic fertilizer were not significantly different from eac h other. Among the rice varieties, Ramdhan produced the highest grain yield (2.452 t ha-1) followed by Anadi the grain yield of 2.007 t ha-1 and the least grain yield producer (1.602 t ha-1) was the variety Sabitri. Higher grain yield of rice varieties affected by organic and inorganic fertilizers were associated with higher number of tillers m-2, number of grains per panicle and the thousand grain weight for both years. Depending on the market price value of grains of different varieties produced by inorganic fertilizers were profitable than the grains produced by other fertilizer treatments. Among the grain yield of three rice varieties, Anadi the highly demanded scented religious traditional variety produced the highest net income due to its prevailing market price higher than the price of grains of other varieties. Thus it can be concluded that adaption of Anadi rice cultivation practices using inorganic fertilizer could improve the economic condition of resource poor farmers under the agro-climatic condition of Rampur, Chitwan Nepal.
Takudzwa Mandizvo
Crop Science, School of Agricultural,Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Title: Spectrophotometric quantification of phytic acid during embryogenesis of Bambara groundnut through the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex
Biography:
Takudzwa Mandizvo is a Crop Science, School of Agricultural,Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Abstract:
In relation to seed vigour and hyperosmotic stress, phytic acid has implications in imparting drought tolerance and enrichment of seed mineral reserves respectively. The present study was undertaken to determine the variation in phytic acid during seed development and physiological maturity of 4 Bambara groundnut landraces. The landraces were grown in field during 2017–2018 rain season at Ukulinga, Pietermaritzburg. The phytic acid (Pi)content was estimated indirectly from 14-65 days after flowering (DAF) by using a spectrophotometer, evaluating the total extractable phosphorus absorbance at 720 nm. An analysis is described for the rapid determination of phosphorus in developing seeds. The colour complex (phosphomolybdenum) formed under acidic conditions absorbs maximally at 720 nm in acidic (pH<4.5) solutions. The absorbance of the chromophore when measured spectrophotometrically at 720 nm, it obeys Beer’s law over the range of 0 to 75 ppm of standard phosphorus solution. There were significant differences (P<0.001) in total extractable phosphorus at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 65 DAF. The highest and lowest extractable phosphorus was recorded in G340A and Kazai respectively. Pi seed content was between 1.51 and 5.69 mgkg-1at 14 DAF, at physiological maturity (65 DAF) Pi was recorded between 21.73 and 32.23 mgkg-1. We drew conclusions that Bambara groundnut landraces may differ in both (1) phytic acid accumulation rate and(2) phytic acid content at physiological maturity. The results reported open the possibility of a specific seed selection criterion for improving the mineral element value of Bambara groundnut through the identification of landraces with high-Pi (phytic acid).
Ramakanta Naik
PhD (Disaster management) Tata Institute of Social Sciences,
Title: Resilient agriculture based Pre-harvest management system of paddy cultivation: A study of Kalahandi district
Biography:
I’m Ramakanta Naik, currently pursuing PhD in disaster management at TISS, Mumbai. I belong to a small farmer family from a small village Ambadula in Kalahandi district of Odisha. As I’m the first generation learner, it was very tough task to reach in to where I’m today. My schooling was from my own village then after finishing of my 10th I went to Bhawanipatna to pursue my further study in 2008. I finished my bachelor in geography from govt in the year 2013. I have done my masters in geography from Bhubaneswar in the year 2013-15. After completion of Masters I prepared for a year and got admission in integrated MPhil/PhD at TISS Mumbai. I could submit the M.Phil thesis successfully in the year 2018. After completion of MPhil I joined in a project job in IIT Bombay and worked for year as project research assistant. Now I’m pursuing PhD on post harvest loss of rice cultivation.
Abstract:
The research titled “Resilient agriculture-based pre-harvest management system of paddy cultivation”: A study of Junagarh and Dharamgarh blocks of Kalahandi district focuses on the pre-harvest paddy cultivation, factors affecting the resilience at pre-harvest of paddy and the indicators to enhance and maintain the resilience in paddy cultivation. The relative matrix has been used to find out the resilience and vulnerability status of Junagarh and Dharamgarh blocks. The loss in pre-harvest paddy cultivation is a big challenge. Each part of pre-harvest, from seed selection to harvest, is affected by various factors such as drought, flood, sand-cast and pest attack. These factors are influencing to maintain the resilience in paddy cultivation. The study has found that the resilience and vulnerability co-exists. The study identified the factors that drive resilience capacities into vulnerability, when adaptive capacities are overexploited. Those factors are new seed varieties, over use of fertilizers, canal irrigation, and crop loan. The use of power tiller is another major factor that influences the resilience of the crop land. The power tiller has been using as a tool to maintain resilience but after the new vulnerabilities arise due to which it is not able to maintain the resilience. These five indicators are driving the resilience capacities to become vulnerability. To maintain the resilience in pre-harvest paddy cultivation, controlled and sustainable use of these indicators (canal irrigation, power tiller, traditional method, new variety seeds, double cropping paddy, over use of fertilizer and information access) are necessary.
kyin htwe
Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
Title: Applied P contribution to nutrient recovery and root responses by P placement with different K anion sources on vigna radiata L in sandy soil using 32P isotope labelling technique
Biography:
I worked as an Agriculturist under ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Irrigation in Myanmar for 15 years before studying at UNE. My first degree is Bachelor of Agriculture and then I shared practical productive agriculture knowledge to farmers and has been worked in Land Use Division. Before I got Master specialised on Agricultural soil and water management, I learned Diploma of Agri-Business in Israel which I experienced how to make maximum profits even in desert through research and explore marketing network to Europe. Now, I’m doing research on ‘Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) Nutrition of Mungbean’ and so current presentation is going on ‘Applied P contribution to nutrient recovery and root responses by P placement with different K anion sources on vigna radiata L in sandy soil using 32P isotope labelling technique’ is part of my PhD to explain nutrient uptake of mungbean from soil P, K.
Abstract:
Nutrient uptake of mungbean can be improved by localised phosphorus (P) with and without potassium (K) application. Research on co-application of P and K has produce variable results and the correlation between nutrient uptake and root growth of mungbean is still ambiguous. Therefore, experiment was conducted to examine the comparative effects of localized application of P (labelling isotopic 32P to P fertilizer) and different sources of K (KNO3, KCl, K2SO4 and KH2PO4) on root growth, nutrient uptake and P recovery, and biomass of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) on a sandy soil with low P and K status. Factors contributing to these variable results such as soil moisture, pH in the rhizosphere soil and fertilised zone with P and K sources are being investigated to support the consistency of results in such applications. Although P and K supply was not significantly influenced on root proliferation, localized supply of P and K had prominent increment on root growth particularly fine and medium root length within the range of 14-28% of mungbean roots being allocated in the PK rich zone (Table 1). The increased nutrient uptake and plant growth (shoot and root) was related to the higher proportion of root length in the localized PK enriched zone and the plant roots in the patch accounted for a high P, K and S uptake in the shoots (Figure 1). P recovery was not significantly different between single P and PK co-location. The only significant effect was higher shoot and root yield and higher fertilizer P and K recovery in the P+KS shallow (potassium sulphate used as K source) compared with the zero K treatment. The results generally indicated that root growth in PK patches contributed more to mungbean growth and nutrient uptake which somewhat allied with pH deviations in the rhizosphere.
Mohammadali Abedini
National Centre for Ports and Shipping, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston.
Title: Title: Integrated vegetable production planning considering crop rotation rules using a mathematical mixed integer programming model
Biography:
Mohammadali Abedini National Centre for Ports and Shipping, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
Abstract:
In this paper a mathematical optimisation model was developed to maximise the profit in a vegetable production planning problem. It serves as a decision support system that assists farmers in land allocation to crops and harvest scheduling decisions. The developed model can handle different rotation rules in two consecutive cycles of production which is a common practice in organic production system. Moreover, different production methods of the same crop were considered in the model formulation. The main strength of the model is that it is not restricted to predetermined production periods, which makes the planning more flexible. The model is classified as a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and formulated in PYOMO - a Python package to formulate optimisation models- and solved via Gurobi and CPLEX optimiser packages. The model was tested with secondary data from “Australian vegetable growing farms” and the results were obtained and discussed with the computational test runs. The results show that the model can successfully provide reliable solutions for real size problems.
Dumitrescu Carmen Simona
Aspects regarding supply chain in ecological products market, Lucrări Științifice Management Agricol
Title: Producing and selling local – an alternative for agriculture development
Biography:
Dumitrescu Carmen Simona has completed her PhD at the age of 31 from Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara, after completing one year of the PhD study at University of Padua, Italy. She is a lecturer at Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism teaching Farming Systems and Agricultural Consultancy. She has published more than 50 papers in IDB indexed journals and has been part of the scientific advisory committee for the journal “Scientific Research Agricultural Management”. Lately, her research activity is focus on rural areas and the impact that the development of local economy through in- situ resources can have on rural population.
Abstract:
Presently, Romania is one of the countries with the highest number of immigrants from European Union. The massive leave of the working population from the rural areas led to rural areas depopulation, and implicitly to certain gaps in the development of these areas, more precisely aging population with low incomes. The tendency is for agricultural land to be purchased by large farms, but we must not forget the gardens, small plots of land around the house. These areas can greatly contribute to the development of small-scale agricultural production and implicitly can lead to increased household incomes through the capitalization of products or if the products are used for self-consumption, we must not neglect the other functions of agriculture. Due to the large number of small manufacturers, it is very difficult to achieve a uniform production that allows them access to the big chain stores. One way to support local producers in their product valorisation approach could be to use local brands or indications of origin, which could be the symbol of quality and origin of those products over time. Attention was directed to the adjacent area of the big cities and through the study we tried to point out that the development of agriculture due to its multifunctionality is an imperative for such areas in the present socio-economic conditions.
Muhammed Arega
Lecturer at Assosa University
Title: Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Sustainable Land Management Program in Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia
Biography:
Muhammed Arega is currently working as a Lecturer at Assosa University Ethiopia
Abstract:
Land degradation has been identified as one of the most serious problems that threaten the sustainability of agriculture in Ethiopia. In an effort to address these problems, the basic paradigm and approach to soil and water conservation has itself evolved over time. In recent years more holistic and land-scape wide approaches that go beyond resource conservation towards improved land husbandry and water management for beneficial conservation have been promoted using a national guideline. Hence, the major concern of this study was adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Sustainable Land Management Program (SLM) in Assosa Woreda, Benishangul Gumuz, Region. To meet this objective a total of 156 sample households, consisting 78 soil and water conservation adopter and 78 non adopter/ non-program participants, were randomly selected from three kebeles in Assosa districts (amba9, amba2 and amba7. Descriptive statistics with appropriate statistical tests, logit and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to meet the stated objective. Descriptive statistical analyses such as mean, standard deviation and percentage were used to analyses basic household characteristics and the types of technologies adopted by the farmers. Estimates of propensity score matching (PSM) indicate the existence of significant crop production increment on average 2.5 quintal production increment per hectare in each household head that were participated in adoption of technologies in sustainable land management program value premium compared to non-adopter. The result from the logistic model analysis revealed that adoption of soil and water conservation technologies was significantly influenced by variables such as sex of farmers, prone to soil erosion, total income, land holding size, development agent visit, low Severity of erosion, high severity of erosion and slope are significantly determined adoption of SWC technologies. Therefore, in agriculture dependent country like Ethiopia, soil and water conservation is crucial in improving the livelihoods of the rural farm households. However, to realize the intended outcomes, solving the fragmented nature of land holding, motivating development agent, rewarding model farmer and developing timely fire breaker require immediate attention.